مطالعه مروری بر روی مدیریت شوری مخزن های ساحلی با هدف ذخیره سازی سیلاب های تخلیه شده به دریا

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشکده مهندسی عمران دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی تهران

2 مدیر بخش مهندسی رودخانه و سواحل، شرکت توسعه منابع آب و نیروی ایران، الهیه، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مخزن های ساحلی که با هدف ذخیره سیلاب‌های کنترل نشده در مجاورت مصب یک رودخانه ساخته می شوند، می توانند به عنوان زیربنای توسعه در مناطق ساحلی مطرح باشند. این مخزن ها ابتدا در مصب رودخانه‌ها احداث می‌شدند ولی به تدریج با توجه به ملاحظات محیط زیستی به نزدیکی مصب رودخانه انتقال یافتند. علیرغم اهمیت این سازه‌ها و گسترش روزافزون استفاده از آنها در دنیا، در کشور ما از سه سال گذشته مورد توجه مدیران حوزه آب قرار گرفته و خوشبختانه مطالعات و تحقیقاتی در سواحل شمال و جنوب کشور در حال انجام است. اگر چه استفاده از این تکنولوژی از سرعت و گستردگی قابل قبولی برخوردار نیست ولیکن هنوز به سوالات و ابهامات زیادی باید پاسخ داده شود. بر این اساس در تحقیق حاضر یک مطالعه مروری بر روی تحقیقات ارائه شده بر روی مخزن‌های ساحلی انجام شد. مطالب این مقاله در چند بخش شامل معرفی مخزن‌های ساحلی، معایب و مزایای استفاده از آنها و همچنین دینامیک جریان و انتقال شوری در این مخازن ارائه می‌شود. دو چالش مهم مرتبط با بهره‌برداری از یک مخزن ساحلی، نمک‌زدایی از آب مخزن و نفوذ آب دریا است که در تحقیق حاضر با جزئیات بیشتری به آنها پرداخته می‌شود. در ادامه به مطالعات مختلف انجام شده بر روی انتقال شوری در مخزن‌های ساحلی تحت تاثیر عوامل مختلف مانند جریان آب‌های زیرزمینی، جریان‌های ورودی رودخانه‌های متصل به مخزن، تراز سطح آب مخزن و غیره اشاره می‌شود. در نهایت با توجه به نتایج حاصل از تحقیقات گذشته، عناوین تحقیقاتی جدیدی برای آینده معرفی می‌شوند.

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