نشریه علمی هیدرولیک

نشریه علمی هیدرولیک

تحلیل زمانی و مکانی تغییرات سطح آب‌گرفتگی سیلاب با استفاده از داده های ماهواره‌ای و Google Earth Engine

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل (پژوهشی)

نویسندگان
دانشکدۀ مهندسی عمران و معماری، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران
چکیده
سیلاب‌ها از مخرب‌ترین پدیده‌های طبیعی محسوب می‌شوند و مدیریت آن‌ها با چالش‌های متعددی روبه‌رو است. در سالهای اخیر، گسترش دسترسی به تصاویر ماهواره‌ای امکان بررسی نحوه پخش سیل را تسهیل کرده است. این پژوهش با هدف تحلیل تغییرات مکانی–زمانی سیلاب سال ۱۳۹۸ رودخانه دز، از تلفیق داده‌های راداری Sentinel-1، تصاویر چندطیفی Sentinel-2 و به‌کارگیری سامانه پردازش ابری (GEE) Google Earth Engine بهره گرفته است. در این چارچوب، تصاویر SAR قبل و بعد از وقوع سیلاب با قطبش VV (Vertical-Vertical Polarization) با استفاده از تحلیل اختلاف بازتاب راداری و تعیین آستانه مناسب برای شناسایی نواحی آب‌گرفته پردازش شدند و پهنه طبیعی رودخانه نیز با به‌کارگیری شاخص NDWI و الگوریتم طبقه‌بندی بدون نظارت K-Means از تصاویر Sentinel-2 استخراج شد. نتایج نشان داد سیلاب مورد بررسی در تاریخ ۱۵ فروردین ۱۳۹۸که به اوج خود با دبی بیش از ۳۲۰۰ مترمکعب بر ثانیه رسید و وسعت پهنه سیلابی از ۸/۵۱ کیلومترمربع در ابتدای رویداد (۱2 فروردین) به بیش از ۴۲۲ کیلومترمربع در دو روز بعد از اوج سیلاب (۱7 فروردین) افزایش یافت که بیانگر گسترش بیش از ۱۱ برابری نسبت به حالت طبیعی رودخانه است. یک تأخیر زمانی مشخص میان اوج دبی خروجی سد و بیشترین گسترش آب‌گرفتگی مشاهده شد که نشان‌دهنده محدودیت ظرفیت عبور جریان در کانال اصلی و زمان‌بر بودن فرایند پخش سیلاب در دشت سیلابی است. همچنین، ماندگاری طولانی‌مدت آب در اراضی پست منطقه حتی پس از کاهش دبی، نشان‌دهنده ضعف زهکشی طبیعی و پتانسیل بالای ماندآبی است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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