Design of the River Stable (Regime) Flow Section by Imperialistic Competitive Algorithm

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Abstract

One of the challenges in river engineering design, planning and training is prediction of stable hydraulic cross section in which the rate of erosion and sediment transport is in a regime state. The instability problems of rivers cannot be properly evaluated without knowledge of the stable state. In this study, a simulation-optimization model of hydraulic geometry (stable geometry) was developed to predict the response and stable geometry of sand bed rivers. The model consists of an analytical model which will be solved using the Imperialistic Competitive Algorithm (ICA). Analytical simulation model is using the governing equations which describe the movement of water and sediment through a channel, calculate the distribution of the boundary shear stresses, and assesses the bank stability considering the effect of the vegetation. Two hypotheses of maximum sediment transport capacity (MSTC) and minimum stream power (MSP) are used. Simulation-optimization model of hydraulic geometry is used to determine the response of the channel geometry to variation in the bankfull discharge, sediment load, and the properties of the bank sediment. The river channel responses predicted by the model are shown to be in agreement with qualitative observations and empirical regime equations. Using the imperialist competitive algorithm in prediction of hydraulic geometry reduces computational complexity and makes it possible to take into account all parameters with reasonably good results.

Keywords


کریمی حسین آبادی، م. (1394‎) "طراحی مقطع پایدار چند پارامتری جریان در رودخانه با استفاده از الگوریتم فراکاوشی رقابت استعماری"، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، پردیس شهید عباسپور، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.
Ackers P. (1980‎). "‎Use of sediment transport concepts in stable channel design," International Workshop on Alluvial River Problems, Roorkee, India, Mar.
Ackers, P. and Charlton, F. G. (1970‎). "‎The geometry of small meandering channels," Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Vols. Supplement XII, Paper 73285.
Atashpaz-Gargari E. and Lucas C. (2007‎). "‎Imperialist competitive algorithm: an algorithm for optimization inspired by imperialistic competition," Proceeding of IEE: Congress on evolutionary computation, pp. 4661-67, Singapore.
Bray D. I. (1982 b‎). "‎Regime equations for gravel-bed rivers," In Gravel-Bed Rivers, Hey, R. D., Bathurst, J. C., and Thorne, C. R., (Eds.). John Wiley and Sons., pp. 517-552.
Brown C. B. (1950‎). "‎Sediment transportation," Engineering Hydraulics, H. Rouse, ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y., pp. 769-857.
Chang H. H. (1979 a‎). "‎Minimum stream power and river channel patterns.," Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 41, pp. 303-327.
Chang H. H. (1979 b‎). "‎Geometry of rivers in regime," Journal of Hydraulic Division, ASCE., Vol. 105, HY 6, pp. 691-706.
Chang H. H. (1980 a‎). "‎Stable alluvial canal design," Journal of Hydraulic Division , ASCE, Vol. 106, HY 5, pp. 873-891.
Chang H. H. (1980 b‎). "‎Geometry of gravel streams.," Journal of Hydraulic Division, ASCE, Vol. 106, HY 9, pp. 1443-1456.
Chang H. H. and Hill J. C. (1977‎). "‎Minimum stream power for rivers and deltas," Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 103, HY12, pp. 1375-1389.
Charlton F. G., Brown P. M. and Benson R. W. (1978‎). "‎The hydraulic geometry of some gravel rivers in Britain," Report IT 180, Hydraulics Research Station, Wallingford, United Kingdom.
Chow, V. T. (1959) Open Channel Hydraulics. New York: McGraw-Hill Co.
Davies T. R. H. and Sutherland (1980, A. J. "Resistance to flow past deformable boundaries," Earth Surface Processes, Vol. 5, pp. 175-179.
Farias H. D. (1995‎). "‎Physical and mathematical modelling of alluvial channels in regime," Proceedings of XXVIth Congress of the IAHR, Thomas Telford: London, Vol. 1, pp. 348-353.
Ferguson R. I.‎). "‎Hydraulics and hydraulic geometry (1986," Prog. Phys. Geogr., Vol. 10, pp. 1-31.
Flintham, T. P., and P. A. Carling. (1988). "The prediction of mean bed and wall boundary shear in uniform and compositely roughened channels." In International Conference on River Regime (W. P. White (Ed.). John Wiley and Sons), pp. 267-287.
Henderson, F. M., (1966). Open Channel Flow, 414-522. New York: Macmillan Pub. Co.
Hey R. D. and Thorne C. R. (1986‎). "‎Stable channels with mobile gravel beds," Journal of the Hydraulics Division- ASCE, Vol. 112, no. HY 8, pp. 671-689.
Huang H. Q. and Nanson G. C. (2000‎). "‎Hydraulic geometry and maximum flow efficiency as products of the principle of least action," Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol. 25, pp. 1-16.
Huang H. Q. and Nanson G. C. (2002‎). "‎A stability criterion inherent in laws governing alluvial channel flow," Earth Surface Process and Landforms, Vol. 27, pp. 929-944.
Keulegan, G. H. (1938). "Laws of turbulent flow in open channels." Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards 21, pp. 707-741.
Kirkby M. J. (1977‎). "‎Maximum sediment efficiency as a criterion for alluvial channels.," In River Channel Changes, Gregory KJ. (ed.). Wiley: Chichester, pp. 429-442.
Knight, D. W., J. D. Demetriou, and M. E. Hamed. (1984). "Boundary shear in smooth rectangular channels." Journal of Hydraulic Division, ASCE 110, HY 4. pp.405-422.
Lane E. W. (1955‎). "‎The design of stable channels", Trans. ASCE, Vol. 120, Paper No. 2776, pp. 1234-1279.
Leopold L. B. and Maddock T. (1953‎). "‎The hydraulic geometry of stream channels and some physiographic implications.," USGS Prof. Paper, Vol. 252. U.S. Geological Society.
Leopold L. B. and Wolman M. G. (1957‎). "‎River channel patterns; braided meandering and straight.," USGS Prof. Paper, Vol. 282-B. US. Geological Society.
Lindley (1919‎). "‎Regime Canals," Proceedings, Punjab Engineering Congress. The Civil and Military Gazette Press, Lahore, Vol. 7, pp. 63-74.
Millar R. G. (2005‎). "‎Theoretical regime equations for mobile gravel-bed rivers with stable banks," Geomorphology, Vol. 64, No. 3-4, pp. 207-220.
Millar R. G. and Quick M. C (1993.‎). "‎Effect of bank stability on geometry of gravel rivers," Journal of Hydraulic Division, ASCE, Vol. 119, No. 12, pp. 1343-1363.
Parker G. (1978‎). "‎Self-formed rivers with equilibrium banks and mobile bed, II, The gravel river," Journal of Fluid Mechanic, Vol. 89, pp. 127-146.
Pickup G. (1976‎). "‎Adjustment of stream-channel shape to hydrologic regime," Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 30, pp. 365-373.
Schumm S. A. (1971‎). "‎Fluvial geomorphology. channel adjustment and river metamorphosis," In: Shen, H. W. (Ed.), River Mechanics (I). H.W. Shen, Fort Collins. 22 pp.
Song C. C. S. and Yang C. T. (1980‎). "‎Minimum stream power: theory," Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 106, HY9, pp. 1477-1487.
Song C. C. S. and Yang C. T. (1982‎). "‎Minimum energy and energy dissipation rate," Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 108, HY5, pp. 690-706.
Tahershamsi A. and Sheikholeslami R. (2011‎). "‎Optimization to identify muskingum model parameters using imperialist competitive algorithm," International Journal of Optimization in Civil Engineering, 3, pp. 473-482.
Wang S. Q., White W. R. and Bettess R. (1986‎). "‎A rational approach to river regime". Proceedings of the Third International Conference on River Sedimentation., The University of Mississippi: Jackson, Miss., pp. 167-176.
White W. R., Bettess R. and Paris E. (1982‎). "‎An analytical approach to river regime.," Journal of Hydraulic Division. ASCE, Vol. 108, HY 10, pp. 1179-1193.
Yang C. T. (1976‎). "‎Minimum unit stream power and fluvial hydraulics.," Journal of Hydraulic Division, ASCE, Vol. 102, HY 7, pp. 919-934.
Yang C. T. (1987‎). "‎Energy dissipation rate approach in river mechanics," In Sediment Transport in Gravel-Bed Rivers; Thorne, C. R., Bathurst, J. C., Hey, R. D. (eds). Wiley: Chichester, pp. 735-758.
Yang C. T. and Song C. S. (1979‎). "‎Theory of minimum rate of energy dissipation.," Journal of Hydraulic Division, ASCE, Vol. 105, HY 7, pp. 796-784.
Yang C. T., Song C. S. and Woldenberg M. J. (1981‎). "‎Hydraulic geometry and minimum rate of energy dissipation," Water Resour. Res., Vol. 17 (4), pp. 1014-1018.