انجمن هیدرولیک ایران
نشریه هیدرولیک
2345-4237
3
2
2008
08
22
Effect of Collar on Time Development of Scouring Around Rectangular Bridge Piers
تاثیر طول طوق بر توسعه آبشستگی موضعی اطراف پایه مستطیل شکل پلها
19
11
85463
10.30482/jhyd.2008.85463
FA
محمد
بدلی مشاهیر
امیررضا
زراتی
ابراهیم
مکلف سربند
Journal Article
2008
03
22
Collars acts as a barrier to the down flow and prevent its direct impingement to the streambed. In the<br />present work collars with 3 different lengths (5B, 7B and 9B, B=pier width) and constant width equal<br />to 3B were installed around a rectangular pier with aspect ratio equal to 1:3. Also, collars were<br />attached at the streambed level and all tests were conducted at the threshold of bed material motion<br />where maximum depth of scour hole is expected. Piers aligned with the flow and skewed at 10o and<br />20o to the flow were tested. Long time tests were carried out to study the development of the scour<br />hole around the pier and efficiency of the collar. Based on experiment results with 9B collar, flow<br />could not penetrate below the upstream edge of the collar after 185 hours. Therefore, scouring at the<br />upstream region of the pier will not occur. In this test maximum depth of scouring occurred at the<br />sides of the collar with 60% reduction of local scouring compared with an unprotected pier. With<br />skewed pier performance of the collar on reducing the rate of scouring was decreased. Results of the<br />experiments showed that at skewed piers, after 50 hours depth of scouring reduced about 30%<br />compared with an unprotected pier. In addition the rate of scouring decreased with 9B collar.
انجمن هیدرولیک ایران
نشریه هیدرولیک
2345-4237
3
2
2008
08
22
Development of Optimal Design of Flood Control Systems Model Considering Detention Dams Using Genetic Algorithm
توسعه مدل طراحی بهینه سیستم کنترل سیلاب با در نظر گرفتن سدهای تاخیری با استفاده از الگوریتم ژنتیک
13
26
85464
10.30482/jhyd.2008.85464
FA
محمدهادی
افشار
عباس
افشار
سیدحامد
معراجی
مهرداد
غفاری
Journal Article
2008
03
22
Flood conducting and controlling systems are very huge and the construction and operation of these<br />systems are very expensive. Any reduction in the construction cost of these system will lead to a major<br />saving. This paper addresses the problem of optimal design of flood controlling systems using<br />detention dams and proposes a methodology for the optimal design of these systems using<br />evolutionary algorithms. The method uses Genetic Algorithm (GA) as a search engine and the<br />Transport Module of the SWMM as the simulator. The simulator is able to analyze the unsteady flow<br />in open channels and the basin of the dam. It is shown that interfacing GA as the optimizer and<br />SWMM as the simulator leads to an efficient optimization tool for the optimal design of flood<br />controlling systems. The effectiveness and efficiency of the model is tested against a simple analytical<br />problem The applicability of the model for large scale real world problems is verified by solving the<br />flood controlling system of South Pars Project and the results are compared with those proposed by the<br />Consulting Engineers. The results show that proposed optimization model can considerably (about<br />23%) reduce the total costs of flood controlling systems.
انجمن هیدرولیک ایران
نشریه هیدرولیک
2345-4237
3
2
2008
08
22
Leak Detection in Pipelines Based on Inverse Transient Modeling and Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming
شناسایی نشت در خطوط لوله بر پایه مدل سازی معکوس جریان گذرا و برنامه ریزی غیرخطی مختلط اعداد صحیح و حقیقی
27
42
85465
10.30482/jhyd.2008.85465
FA
حمید
شاملو
دانشگاه خواجه نصیر
علی
حقیقی
Journal Article
2008
03
22
For leak detection in a pipeline, transient flows are generated by closing the end control valve. Then<br />the pressure fluctuations are sampled only at the valve location after its full closure. To eliminate<br />undesirable noisy effects and other uncertainties associated with numerical modeling of the valve, a<br />new structure of the method of characteristics (MOC) has been developed independent of the valve<br />type, the method and the duration of closure with no need to impose initial conditions. Using the<br />pressure samples, transient flow through the pipe can be analyzed backward from the downstream end<br />valve to the upstream reservoir. In this condition, the calculated reservoir heads will be functions of<br />leaks parameters containing leaks area as real parameters and the number and location of leaks as<br />integer parameters. In order to find leaks parameters in a pipe an objective function is defined as the<br />sum of squares of differences of the observed and calculated reservoir heads. The Mixed Integer Non<br />Linear Programming (MINLP) is used to minimize nonlinear objective function and determine the<br />integer and real parameters of the leak problem. An optimization method based on genetic algorithm<br />has been developed for this problem. Several examples are solved to show the ability of the presented<br />method. The method was found to be practical, reliable and easy to be used.
انجمن هیدرولیک ایران
نشریه هیدرولیک
2345-4237
3
2
2008
08
22
Comparison of 2-D and 1-D Simulations of Water-Hammer Pressure Pulse Damping Using Steady and Unsteady Friction Terms
مقایسه حل دوبعدی و یک بعدی استهلاک نوسانهای فشاری ضربه قوچ با ضریب اصطکاک حالت دائم و غیردائم
43
58
85466
10.30482/jhyd.2008.85466
FA
بهار
فیروزآبادی
دانشگاه صنعتی شریف دانشکده مکانیک
حامد
حامدی نژاد
Journal Article
2008
03
22
The condition known as water-hammer problem is in fact, a transient condition which may occur as a<br />result of the worst-case loadings such as pump failures, valve closure in a pipe line system. In such<br />cases, a positive pressure wave travels upstream and a negative wave downstream from the point of<br />interruption. The pressure in the water hammer can vary in such a way that in some cases, it may<br />increase and cause destruction to the hydraulic systems. The experimental evidence of dependence of<br />friction on frequency in oscillating flows induced researchers to propose 1-D models in which this<br />effect is taken into account explicitly. In fact, the velocity profiles in unsteady flows show greater<br />gradients, and thus greater shear stresses, than the corresponding values in steady flows. 1D- model<br />approaches give rise to an under- estimation of the friction forces.<br />In this work, a 2-D model for unsteady transient flow in a pipeline with a reservoir-pipe-valve system<br />was simulated for laminar and turbulent flows. In turbulent flow, the Prandtl mixing length was used<br />for turbulence modeling. Results of this simulation were compared with the results obtained from the<br />1-D models with steady and unsteady (Brunone model) friction terms. This simulation shows that the<br />unsteady flow phenomena can be more accurately modeled by means of 2-D models, in which the<br />velocity profiles in the cross section, is taken into account. However, the 2D model is more time<br />consuming than 1D model. Through comparisons with the experimental data, results show that<br />applying 2D model can improve the magnitude of the predicted duration of the pressure pulse.
انجمن هیدرولیک ایران
نشریه هیدرولیک
2345-4237
3
2
2008
08
22
Estimating the Fall Velocity of Sediment Particles Using Artificial Neural Network
استفاده از شبکه عصبی مصنوعی در تخمین سرعت سقوط ذرات رسوبی
59
65
85467
10.30482/jhyd.2008.85467
FA
سیدمرتضی
سادات هلبر
ابراهیم
امیری تکلدانی
دانشگاه تهران
فاطمه
درزی
Journal Article
2008
03
22
The fall velocity of sediment particles is one of the important parameters in the phenomenon of<br />sediment transport, river bed and bank morphology, reservoir sedimentation and designing settling<br />basins of water transport networks. To estimate the sediment fall velocity, many relationships in the<br />literature have been used by scientists and engineers but they have limitations. In this research, using<br />an Artificial Neural Network, a model to estimate the sediment fall velocity is introduced. The model<br />is designed and validated using 115 series of data presented in different researches covering an<br />extensive range of sediment and fluid characteristics. The multi layer perception network with quick<br />back propagation learning scheme is used to estimate the nonlinear mapping between input data, i.e.<br />independent variables, and the output of the network, i.e. dependent variable. This nonlinear mapping<br />is used to estimate the fall velocity. To evaluate prediction accuracy of the model, predictions of the<br />designed network are compared with 14 experimental data set and analytical models of previous<br />researches. Comparisons were made using different error measures and it is found that the prediction<br />accuracy of the artificial network model is better than existing models.